Read "The Structure of World History."
https://gyazo.com/44e9ff0884a49712c3be83f343b22c14
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Read "Structure of World History
Yukito Emaya
Q: Why do gifts occur p. 138
A: There has been a fear of the natural state of Hobbes since the time of the nomadic people.
When you meet another band, you give them a gift before you fight them.
creating peace through giving.
This relationship will not last, because the nomadic population will move on.
Fear of the natural state, urge to leave the natural state
Hobbes conceived of an escape from the state of nature in the form of everyone submitting to the One "Leviathan."
social compact
This is based on violence.
There is a social contract that is not based on violence, which is reciprocity of gifts.
Kula trade in the Trobriand Islands
This is a small "world system"
nishio.icon
principle of reciprocity is assumed.
Give first and be assured that your gift will be returned.
If attacked, fight back.
In the long run, belligerent bands became exhausted and disappeared, thus establishing a society based on reciprocal gift-giving.
The historical fact is that that equilibrium state was not maintained.
At some point a cycle occurred in which the stronger became stronger, and a single strongman "leviathan" was born
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